Context of Berlin Living Lab (LL2)

Individual Mobility Budget

Instrument Type

Raising awareness; methods: intervention study based on information about the allocated budget and its calculation basis, the CO2 emissions of different mobility behaviors/transport modes, and contextual information about climate change mitigation and climate change; in addition, we will incorporate serious game/planning game elements as motivational drivers, such as a competition to meet the assigned mobility budget  

Scale

Local level as far as possible, city-level (Berlin)

Scope

All trip purposes (personal daily mobility) and all transport modes, but focus on commute and commuters using a private car for trips to and from work and their willingness and ability to change to other transport modes.

Governance Framework

Laws, rules and institutions

Problem Owners

Federal government/Ministry for Digital and Transport; Federal State government of Berlin/Senate of Environment, Mobility, Transport and Climate

Legal or Executive Power of Problem Owner(s)

Federal level, (Klimaschutzgesetz/ Climate Protection Act of 24 June 2021  

State level: Berliner Klimaschutz- und Energiewendegesetz, (amendment of 27.08.2021)

Existing Rules

CO2-neutrality by 2045, Federal state level (Berlin): CO2-neutrality by 2045

Federal level:  

• by 2030: Reduction by 65 %
• by 2035: Reduction by 77 %
• by 2040: Reduction by 88 %
• by 2045: Reduction by 100 %

Berlin/state level:  

• by 2030: Reduction by 70 %
• by 2040: Reduction by 90 %
• by 2045: Reduction by 100 %  

Berlin/federal state level: Mobility Act (covering ambitious expansion targets for cycling, walking and public transit and affecting road space distribution between modes and emissions)

Existing Policies

Berliner Energie- und Klimaschutzprogramm 2030 (BEK 2030): contains strategies and measures to achieve the goal of climate neutrality, thus represents the "roadmap" and the central instrument of Berlin's energy and climate protection policy. Its approximately 100 measures represent the diversity of climate policy in Berlin and address both climate protection and adaptation to the unavoidable consequences of climate change.

Berlin level: Klimabürger:innenrat (Climate Citizens Council): 47 recommendations for climate protection  

Enforcement

Constitutional Courts, respectively NGOs e. g. Deutsche Umwelthilfe (DUH) which has filed several lawsuits against federal states before the constitutional court for inadequate climate protection action

Availability and Access to Resources

Data Availability

high

Administrative and Technical Capacity

In Germany and Berlin, capacity and competences are sufficient to reach targets but there is still need for more personnel

Adaptability of Local Economy

E.g. car industry and energy /water intensive industries such as chemical industry are important in terms of Germany but not in terms of the state of Berlin; Berlin´s economy is not particularly vulnerable  

Walkability and Cyclability

Already quite ok, growing modal share, and ambitious targets by 2030

Politics, Ideologies, and Attitudes

Problem Owner Ideology on Climate Action

Climate protection as relevant goals and high priorities; Green Party in federal and well as federal state government; however, one coalition partner inhibits policies affecting car use and blocks measures effectively reducing car use

Political Stability

Stable

Level of Opposition to Climate Action and Policies

Low, even the parliamentary opposition supports climate goals; general public /population also supports climate goals (recently proved by the recommendations by the Climate Citizens Council)

Political Engagement

Several movements, advocacy groups, NGOs in the areas of climate, transport transition, environment

Public Perception of Climate Movement

Depends

Cultural Attitude towards Car Ownership

High acceptance of cars and existing car culture